KB+Memo+-+Historicizing+a+Project


 * 1915: American Association of Labor Legislation (AALL)
 * o draft model health insurance bill that covers working class and all others who make less than $1,200/yr.
 * 1932: state legislation allows Blue Cross to act as nonprofit corporation, tax-exempt and free from insurance regulations – where these laws exist, Blue Cross Plan expands to dozens of states
 * 1935: Social Security Act
 * o signed by President Roosevelt
 * o system of social welfare and social insurance programs (provisions for elderly, disabled persons, widows and widowers, children, and unemployed)
 * 1939: Wagner National Health Act
 * o national health program funded by federal grants to states and administered by states and localities
 * 1939-1946: formation of Blue Shield Health Insurance gets non-profit status
 * 1940s: employee health benefits
 * o overcomes wage and price controls set during WWII and to compete for workers
 * 1945: call for single national health insurance program
 * o imposed by President Truman
 * 1962: Migrant Health Act
 * o support for clinics serving agricultural workers
 * 1964: first Surgeon’s General’s Report on Smoking and Health
 * 1965: Medicare and Medicaid programs
 * o signed by President Johnson
 * o comprehensive, low-cost health insurance coverage for elderly
 * 1966:
 * o International Smallpox Eradication program
 * o Community Health Center and Migrant Health Center programs launched
 * 1970: National Health Service Corps Created
 * 1971: National Cancer Act signed into law
 * 1974: HMO Act
 * o managed care to address rising health care costs (worked for some time, not anymore)
 * 1980s: COBRA and Americans w/Disabilities Act
 * 1984: National Organ Transplantation Act was signed into law
 * 1986: 41% of HMOs are nonprofit, down from 88% in 1981
 * 1988: McKinney Act passed to provide health care to homeless
 * 1989: Agency for Health Care Policy and Research created
 * early 1900s: almost all hospitals are non-profit institutions founded by religious organizations or wealthy donors; they begin charging for services – beginning of modern hospital system
 * 1990:
 * o Nutrition Labeling and Education Act passed
 * o Ryan White Comprehensive AIDS Resource Emergency (CARE) Act began providing support for people with AIDS
 * 1993: State Children’s Health Insurance Program (SCHIP)
 * o expands health care coverage for children in low-income families that don’t qualify for Medicaid
 * o Vaccines for Children Program established – free immunizations to all children in low-income families
 * 1996: Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPPA)
 * 2003: Bush signs Medicare Modernization Act (MMA)
 * o includes prescription drug benefit
 * 2010: Obama signs Affordable Care Act
 * o comprehensive health insurance reforms
 * o creation of health insurance marketplaces
 * o free preventative care and coverage for adults under 26 years old