Comparative+Technology+Transfer+and+Society

[|Hyungsub Choi]**
 * Technology Importation, Corporate Strategies, and the Rise of the Japanese Semiconductor Industry in the 1950s

**Volume 6, Number 2, August 2008**

 * pp. 103-126**

//Abstract:// During the 1950s, the Japanese semiconductor industry rose from nothing to a level that was roughly on par with that of the United States. It is undeniable that this was due in large part to the importation of advanced technology from leading U.S. firms. In the process of technology transfer from the United States to Japan, previous scholars have emphasized the importance of the role played by the highly restrictive government technology-importation policy during this period. The aim of this article is to analyze this story from the perspective of Japanese companies, which exhibited divergent strategies for acquiring foreign technology. These strategies were shaped by complex calculations that took into account firms' organizational capability and U.S. licensing practices and antitrust policy, as well as the technology-importation policy of MITI (Japanese Ministry of International Trade and Industry). In short, this article argues that Japanese firms were not passive receptors, but active agents in shaping the pattern of technology importation.

//T**echnology Acquisition Strategies in the Pharmaceutical Industry in Mexico**// Guzmán, Alenka. Brown Grossman, Flor.**
 * Zuñiga, María Pluvia.

**Volume 5, Number 3, December 2007**
//Abstract:// Firms in developing countries are characterized by weak technological capacities, insufficient human capital, and limited R&D. Consequently, these countries also produce fewer patents. Considering these disadvantages, companies in developing countries cannot rely on their in-house R&D efforts; they must import nonincorporated or soft technologies (license and technical-assistance agreements, and tacit knowledge transfer). In the pursuit of technological improvement, firms attempt to adopt an optimal technology acquisition strategy. This essay examines the use of in-house R&D and technology transfer in the Mexican pharmaceutical industry between 1994 and 2000 by using two econometric models. Unlike the pharmaceutical industries of other developing countries such as India and China, this study indicates that there is a low probability of complementarity between R&D and technology transfer in the Mexican pharmaceutical industry. This is a strategy that has been adopted only by some larger firms and multinationals. = = = =
 * //Diversity and Progress: How Might We Picture Technology across Global Cultures?//

Carlson, W. Bernard. Comparative Technology Transfer and Society - Volume 5, Number 2, August 2007, pp. 128-155**

Comparative Technology Transfer and Society 5:2 Comparative Technology Transfer and Society 5.2 (2007) 128-155 On the morning of 28 March 1848, the people of London awoke to an astonishing sight. Moored at the East India Docks was a large Chinese sailing ship, or junk -- the Keying. With a displacement of nearly 700 tons and length of 160 feet, the Keying had come from Hong Kong to London by crossing the Indian Ocean, rounding the Cape of Good Hope, and sailing up the Atlantic. While Londoners were taken with its size, they were even more impressed with its seaworthiness: as the Illustrated London News (1848) observed, "She proved herself an excellent sea-boat; and her powers of weathering a storm equal, if not surpass, those of vessels of British build." Over the next few months thousands of British flocked to the docks to see this Chinese ship, not just because it was from the exotic Far East, but also because the Keying served as testimony to the power of Chinese shipping and shipbuilding. Just as the British were coming to believe that they ruled the seas, here was a reminder that China could be a potent maritime rival. I begin with this image of the Keying in London to shake up how we typically think about the...