init_Record_Backlog_research

Thomas Solley STSH 4980-01 Senior Thesis Costelloe-Kuehn

Click here to return to portfolio.

I will be adding to this page as time allows. Trying to track all of the data and examples I have seen over the last 3 years. Will try to add dates so these can be made into appropriate References.

Company products in exoskeletons;
 * 1) Cyberdyne company page, ~ 2/21/12? 
 * HAL suit, before 2/21/12. Lower-body external system.
 *  from 9/27/2014. Original applications unknown, assumed to have been mobility assistance. Currently marketed towards lifting of heavy objects, as well as "disaster recovery" (strength enhancement, armor) and in future to "prevention of backache" (similar principle to 

Interesting evidence of "DIY" or printed exoskeletons / prosthetics (need a list somewhere).  , , <

Sci-fi examples of exoskeletons;
 * 1) Elysium, 2013

Research papers; >>
 * 1) PMC. NCBI, ~ 2012? 
 * 2) Brain-computer interfaces, neuoprosthetcs.
 * 3) Abstract; See Zotero.
 * 4) ... I've no idea what BCIs, in vivo, bidirectional interface, non-invasive recording of the brain, invasive recording of the brain, electroencephalography, near-infrared spectroscopy, gliosis, micro-stimulation, transcranial magnetic stimulation .... I don't know what they mean. Should probably find out.
 * c

Time-listed Entry of Articles and Bookmarks; (By date of access) > c > >, executive summary and policy recommendations to SOME government agency, from 2003? >> It was expected that previous exoskeleton systems would have to be tethered for power, and only be used in industry / heavy-cargo lifting (while tethered to a large plane). >> All my prior knowledge in the XOS2 found that exoskeleton projects required connection to a thether system for power -- battery technology was still lacking. Physics did not support development of a mobile power-source that could generate enough power for sustained use (so no ARC reactors). Conventional batteries did not have the capacity or current. >> >> It, too, was tethered however. >> Need documentation of original XOS2, HULC, and HAL systems. >> Japan had made a few simple systems -- one was made and showcased of plastic and allowed users to lift 60kg (?), the other was similar to HAL in design but from a different company. >> >> Unless this could be linked to History somehow? Though it is indicative of the trend towards bio-weapons, exoskeletons, and prosthetics technologies, I still cannot be certain if I am making this judgement in a vacuum or if this observation of mine is, indeed, shared by other "watchers." >> >> After six years of development, the Revolutionizing Prosthetics program developed two anthropomorphic advanced modular prototype prosthetic arm systems, including sockets, which offer increased range of motion, dexterity and control options. >> Thirty-five volunteer amputees participated in a Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) funded optimization study in VA and DoD medical centers and provided design feedback for the development of the Gen-3 Arm System by DEKA Integrated Solutions Corporation, one of two primary performers on the Revolutionizing Prosthetics program. Based on that testing and subsequent refinement, DEKA submitted a 510(k) premarket notification to the FDA in April 2012 seeking approval to make the Arm System commercially available. >> DARPA researchers have also attained promising initial results on achieving brain control of an advanced arm system developed by the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Lab, the second primary performer on Revolutionizing Prosthetics. This work with tetraplegic volunteers has demonstrated the potential to use advanced prostheses to improve the quality of life for victims of paralysis. >> The Revolutionizing Prosthetics program is ongoing and aims to continue increasing functionality of the DARPA arm systems so servicemembers with arm loss may one day have the option of choosing to return to duty. Additionally, the dexterous hand capabilities developed under the program have already been applied to small robotic systems used in manipulating unexploded ordnance, thus keeping soldiers out of situations that have led to limb loss."
 * 1) HAL System, Cyberdyne, before 2/21/12,  (original page moved?)
 * 2) NCBI article, BCIs, before 2012?, 
 * 3) Google Search, Bidirectional prosthetics, before 2012, < http://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=bidirectional+prosthetics&hl=en&btnG=Search&as_sdt=1%2C33&as_sdtp=on>
 * 4) Raytheon website, before 2012, , assumed pursuit of the Sarcos XOS2 system?
 * 5) Entry in Notes on phone, 1/19/12, "soylent green" and discussion of vat-grown meat.
 * 6) Entry in Notes on phone, 1/27/12, excerpt from [redacted source]. First sign of cynicism in sceintific community, argument of "the world does not have the resources to make things happen".
 * 7) Continued ambitions of "NFFRI" and telekinesis, entry in Notes on phone, 1/27/12
 * 8) Entry in Notes on phone, 1/29/12, discussion of convo with Colin Popell. First mention of Raytheon and exoskeletal systems. First mention of transhumanism. Time-stamp within indicates original created prior to December 2011; therefore all entries considered "excerpted" from [redacted source].
 * 9) Entry in Notes on phone, 2/15/12, first mention of Exoskeletal suit design/features. First documented expressed desires to pursue tech to overcome own bodily limitations.
 * 10) Email from Alex Grumman, 2/20/12, "nanosuit," passive dynamics video, dynamic walking video, dynamic walkers article.
 * 11) Attachments from email; [[file:87_paper_battery.pdf]] [[file:MolecularSupramolecularandMacromole____cularMotorsandArtificialMuscles.pdf]] Unable to add to zotero, issue with "unsupported file formats." Somehow changing it to PDF did not fix the issue. Manually added the files to Zotero, including abstracts. Assume new Date of Access is 9/27/2014.
 * 12) Youtube video, carbon nanotube muscles, 2/20/2014, 
 * 13) Cysis2 video game suit, 2/20/12, first visualization of CNT-muscle suit. 
 * 14) Youtube video, passive dynamic walking, 2/20/12, 
 * 15) Youtube video, passive dynamic walking, 2/20/12, <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cIDkP7atTMM&feature=related>
 * 1) ScienceMag article, passive dynamic walkers, 2/20/12, <http://www.sciencemag.org/content/307/5712/1082.full.pdf>
 * 2) Entry in Notes on Phone, 2/20/12, first mention of "passive dynamic" walking systems. Mention of ASIMO. Mention of carbon nanotube batteries, Stanford nanotube battery, "RPI nanotube battery," "paper battery."
 * 3) Assuming that research on this had been done prior to this point.
 * 4) Entry in Notes on phone, 2/21/12, first mention of military application of CNTs, production-problems, consideration of secrecy and of production.
 * 5) Raytheon website, 2/21/12 < time < 4/27/12, <http://jobs.raytheon.com/talent-areas/engineering/hardware-engineering>, entry for hardware engineering? First look at quals for mechatronics manufacturing...
 * 6) Sandia website, 2/21/12 < time < 4/27/12, <http://www.sandia.gov/careers/_assets/documents/StudentPrgmFlyer_MECH.pdf>, possibly career-faire.
 * 7) Unknown website, 2/21/12 < time < 4/27/12, <https://ws03snlntz.sandia.gov/psp/applicant/EMPLOYEE/HRMS/c/HRS_HRAM.HRS_CE.GBL>, [redacted] CONTENTS.
 * 8) NCBI article, NSF/DOC report from 2009, 2/21/12 < time < 4/27/12, <http://www.wtec.org/ConvergingTechnologies/Report/NBIC_report.pdf
 * 1) Entry in Notes on phone, 4/27/12, mention of self-correcting lenses, "Transition chemicals," adjustment of light...
 * 2) Entry in Notes on phone, 5/8/12, mention of Projectrho.com and atomic rockets
 * 3) Entry in Notes on phone, 8/7/12, mention of subdermal countermeasures in harsh environments.
 * 4) Entry in Notes on phone, 8/26/12, mention of memory/thought-transfer to other brains via transferral of fluid. First documented evidence of Audio Logs being used to contain thoughts/ideas. From here forward, there may be gaps in the entries -- as I cannot add the appropriate sound files, since I do not have the software to extract them.
 * 5) Entry in Notes on phone, 9/9/12, mention of "platelett rich-plasma therapy," for muscular stimulus and healing.
 * 6) Unknown website, <http://www.maxmore.com/becoming.htm>, [redacted] content.
 * 7) TATuP article, risk assessment, <http://www.tatup-journal.de/index.php>
 * 8) ch. 12 of "Path to Posthumanity," unkown author, <http://www.goertzel.org/Chapter12_aug16_05.pdf>, some links to ethics and to transhumanim. Mentions Extropianism.
 * 9) Discovery.com article, 2/6/13, bionic eyes, <http://news.discovery.com/tech/biotechnology/first-bionic-eye-sees-light-130206.htm#mkcpgn=fbsci1>, technical reveal/discussion.
 * 10) Singularityhub.com article, 2/6/13 < time < 2/12/13, exoskeleton doubles as robotic hand. <http://singularityhub.com/2012/07/07/sophisticated-robotic-hand-also-doubles-as-a-human-exoskeleton/>
 * 11) Singularityhub.com article, 2/12/13, use of sound to create "colors" for the visually-impaired, <http://singularityhub.com/2013/02/12/neil-harbisson-is-a-cyborg-who-hears-more-of-the-world-than-we-see/>
 * 12) Extremetech.org, 2/21/13, Project Glass discussion, <http://www.extremetech.com/computing/148908-google-glass-why-are-we-so-excited-about-a-glorified-camcorder>, discusses the "hype" versus deliverables so far.
 * 13) Extremetech.org, 3/4/13, DIY jetpack system, <http://www.extremetech.com/extreme/149439-project-skyflash-is-it-possible-to-build-a-diy-jet-pack>
 * 14) Extremetech.org, 5/22/13, Disney uses air-pressure for force-feedback, <http://www.extremetech.com/gaming/156474-disneys-aireal-a-tactile-feedback-device-to-enhance-the-gaming-experience>
 * 15) Extremetech.org, 6/6/13, biotic implant communication system, <http://www.extremetech.com/extreme/157367-an-ultrasonic-intra-body-communication-network-for-bionic-implants>
 * 16) ABC.net article, 6/8/13, bionic eye using digital-camera-uplink, <http://www.abc.net.au/news/2013-06-07/latest-bionic-eye-prototype-unveiled-in-victoria/4741190>
 * 17) TheScientist.org article, levitation using sound waves, <http://www.the-scientist.com/?articles.view/articleNo/36563/title/Moving-Objects-Using-Sound/>
 * 18) IndieGoGo campaign, product that combines time with jewelry. <https://www.indiegogo.com/projects/ring-clock-a-ring-that-gives-you-time-on-your-hands>
 * 19) Singularityhub.com article, 9/5/13, ring that includes networking and security capability, <http://singularityhub.com/2013/09/05/ring-could-log-users-in-to-houses-phones-and-website-as-soon-as-next-month/>
 * 20) Extremetech.org, 9/5/13 < time < _, <http://www.extremetech.com/extreme/139540-new-mind-controlled-bionic-limb-to-debut-with-a-103-story-stair-climb>, discussion of technology and the connection-procedures. Some mention made to limitations of past technologies. From here forwards, more articles on prosthetics and cybernetics began to be accumulated (marks rising trend).
 * 21) Singularityhub.com article, 9/5/13 < time < _, <http://singularityhub.com/2013/03/13/bebionic-prosthetic-hand-continues-to-amaze-in-latest-video/>, great use-case demonstration.
 * 22) Wimp.com, 9/5/13 < time < ___, <http://www.wimp.com/newdevice/>, new device to replace wheelchairs, for paraplegics?
 * 23) Sploid.com, 2/27/14, Obama announces TALOS initiative. <http://sploid.gizmodo.com/obama-says-us-army-is-building-real-iron-man-and-no-he-1532582334?utm_campaign=socialflow_gizmodo_facebook&utm_source=gizmodo_facebook&utm_medium=socialflow>.
 * 24) First serious government initiative in this direction seen in my records. Prior technologies -- HULC from Lockheed-Martin, Sarcos XOS2, HAL from Cyberdyne -- these all focused on strength augmentation.
 * 1) ... We had found paraplegic-support systems similar to the HAL system before discovery of this article -- outside of the HAL system, there had been at least one other showcase of assitive-technology.
 * 1) IFLScience.com, 3/1/14, discussion of new state of matter found ("dropletons"), <http://www.iflscience.com/physics/new-state-matter-discovered>, interesting but un-related.
 * 2) Youtube video, 3/4/14, powered exoskeleton system on BBC, <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g47jspTKghs>
 * 3) Singularityhub.com, 3/4/14 < time <, students build exoskeletal arm cheaply, <http://singularityhub.com/2013/11/11/student-dyson-award-winners-build-titan-arm-exoskeleton-for-just-2000/>
 * 4) Does reference a Tokyo system that I may not have already included? Uncertain.
 * 1) Singularityhub.com article, 3/10/14, fishing-line muscles made (DIY), <http://singularityhub.com/2014/03/10/superstrong-artificial-muscles-developed-from-fishing-line-and-sewing-thread/>
 * 2) Dvice.com article, 4/1/14, Darpa's new biotech lab, <http://www.dvice.com/2014-4-1/darpas-new-biotechnology-lab-will-focus-cyborg-tech>, first mention of DARPA in interests. Government focus now shifting to exoskeletons and prosthetics too -- follows the TALOS initiative.
 * 3) Interesting for future consideration and watching, but not really relevant -- yet? -- on my actual thesis?
 * 1) DARPA website, 4/1/14, new Biotech lab (direct source), <http://www.darpa.mil/NewsEvents/Releases/2014/04/01.aspx>,
 * 2) For whatever reason I cannot seem to load this one into Zotero? I tried, but the page-icon in Chrome is not appearing...
 * 3) The direct source (assumed) for the DVice article above. Same conclusion; interesting, but not inherently useful to my Thesis, unless tied to growing trend in Biotech, Exoskeletons, and Prosthetic devices in industry and government.
 * 4) DARPA website, 4/1/14, BTO webpage, <http://www.darpa.mil/Our_Work/BTO/>
 * 5) Cannot load this into Zotero either.
 * 6) See above commentary.
 * 7) DARPA website, 4/1/14, BTO programs, <http://www.darpa.mil/Our_Work/BTO/Programs/>
 * 8) See above.
 * 9) See above.
 * 10) The "revolutionizing prosthetics" aspect seems cool... The "warrior web" system also is intriguing.
 * 11) DARPA website, ~ 4/1/14, BTO "revolutionizing prosthetics" page, <http://www.darpa.mil/Our_Work/BTO/Programs/Revolutionizing_Prosthetics.aspx>
 * 12) See above.
 * 13) Apparently this program was originally launched back in 2006? There is a bit of History for you... " [see website page, has useful History info?]" When DARPA launched the Revolutionizing Prosthetics program in 2006, the state of upper-limb prosthetic technology was far behind lower-limb technology. Advancing upper-limb technology was judged to be a more difficult medical and engineering challenge.
 * 1) FFor whatever reason, this text is all in white... [was, had to re-apply black text option].
 * 2) DARPA website, ~4/1/14, BTO "warrior web" page, <http://www.darpa.mil/Our_Work/BTO/Programs/Warrior_Web.aspx>
 * 3) See above.
 * 4) Page discusses the background, purpose of the system, as well as planned stages of research and development. [Related] to all [Exoskeleton] technologies. [Tag] with [Exoskeleton], [Warrior web]. Add to [Cybernetics in Industry]. Very useful for that category of case-examples!
 * 5) TED talks webste, 4/1/14 < time < _, speaker on prosthetics technology whi is himself disabled, <http://www.ted.com/talks/hugh_herr_the_new_bionics_that_let_us_run_climb_and_dance?utm_medium=on.ted.com-tumblr-link&utm_campaign&awesm=on.ted.com_d08LO&utm_source=direct-on.ted.com&utm_content=awesm-publisher>, also has connection to ballroom dancing?
 * 6) Should look into the MIT Media Lab Biomechatronics group...
 * 7) 3DPrint website, 4/20/14, DIY prosthetic compared to 42-grand version, <http://3dprint.com/2438/50-prosthetic-3d-printed-hand/>
 * 8) Wikipedia.org, 4/20/14 < time <, article on 'feminism and modern architecture', <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feminism_and_modern_architecture>...
 * 9) IFLScience page, 4/28/14, 3d-printed casts using ultrasound to speed recovery, <http://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/3d-printed-cast-speeds-bone-recovery-using-ultrasound>
 * 10) DiscoveryNews.com, 5/1/14, memory-enhancement chip, <http://news.discovery.com/tech/biotechnology/brain-implant-could-restore-memory-140501.htm>
 * 11) Kotaku.com, 5/7/14, self-implanted chip carrying Android OS data, <http://kotaku.com/woman-puts-deus-ex-on-computer-chip-in-her-hand-1573033542>
 * 12) Dorkly.com, 5/15/14, DIY Wolverine claws, <http://www.dorkly.com/post/63032/this-guy-made-fully-automatic-wolverine-claws>
 * 13) Smithsonian.com, 5/30/14, charging of imlants via organic tissue?, <http://www.smithsonianmag.com/innovation/no-batteries-here-these-wireless-medical-implants-use-bodys-own-tissue-charge-180951612/?utm_source=facebook.com&no-ist>
 * 14) Gajitz.com article, 6/?/14, discussion of upcoming Warrior Web system developments in movement speed, <http://gajitz.com/darpas-exoskeleton-can-help-soldiers-run-4-minute-miles/>
 * 15) Extremetech.org article, 8/21/14, chairless-chair exoskeleton, <http://www.extremetech.com/extreme/188417-rejoice-commuters-and-workers-the-chairless-chair-exoskeleton-lets-you-sit-down-anywhere-anytime>
 * 16) Makezine.com, 8/25/14, 3d-printed prosthetic arms as art, <http://makezine.com/2014/08/25/gorgeous-3d-printed-prosthetic-born-of-boredom/>
 * 17) Gizmodo.com, 8/30/14, DIY Elysium upper-body exoskeleton, <http://gizmodo.com/awesome-home-built-elysium-exoskeleton-lifts-170-pounds-1628816142?utm_campaign=socialflow_gizmodo_facebook&utm_source=gizmodo_facebook&utm_medium=socialflow>
 * 18) Lockheed-Martin website, 8/30/14 < time <, FORTIS exoskeleton, <http://www.lockheedmartin.com/us/products/exoskeleton/FORTIS.html>
 * 19) I can't seem to put this one into Zotero, which really bugs me. This is an important article too, for me as well as for technological discussion.
 * 20) I actually designed a system similar to this, and to The Hacksmith's / Chairless Chair systems, as a freshman in college. All use similar theories, of directing weight away from the body and into the ground. My original theory was geared-towards a new type of medical cast for lower-leg and knee-injuries (due to my frustrations at the time with knee-braces).
 * 21) As a product page, this one is fairly standard -- explaining the concept behind the design, how it improves work in the manufacturing and industry sectors, etc. Would like to have seen more of a focus on improving the technology -- or even links to ongoing research into this field, so that as a consumer I could follow along with these improvements. As-is, I'm glad to have another example of [Cybernetics in industry].
 * 22) Lockheed-martin webpage, 8/30/14 < time <, description of enterprises in exoskeleton technologies, <http://www.lockheedmartin.com/us/products/exoskeleton.html>
 * 23) Imgur page, 8/30/14 < time <, pictures of leg-prosthetics that have been 3d-printed and stylized. <http://imgur.com/a/YUKHM>
 * 24) Singularityhub.com, 9/13/14, discussion of FORTIS system and Navy tests, <http://singularityhub.com/2014/09/13/us-navy-testing-exoskeleton-boosting-workers-productivity-and-strength/>
 * 25) Mention made to Korean system (not previosuly covered?) Daewoo, hydraulic system, there is apparently some history behind this...

... And that is it for the Backlog. Took long enough to go through. With luck, this evening (maybe 9 pm?) I can work on the actual articles i need for the Memos that were due last night...