Annotations+(pt.+2)

Biggs, Brian, Lawrence King, Sanjay Basu, and David Stuckler. “Is Wealthier Always Healthier? The Impact of National Income Level, Inequality, and Poverty on Public Health in Latin America.” //Social Science & Medicine// 71, no. 2 (July 2010): 266–73. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.04.002. This article examines whether the relationship between GDP and health differed during varying times of poverty and inequality. Data was collected from 22 Latin Amercan countries from 1960 to 2007, and it was found that increases in GDP have a significant positive impact on population health, but the strength of the relationship is influenced by the level of poverty and inequality.

Braveman, Paula, and Sofia Gruskin. “Poverty, Equity, Human Rights and Health.” //Bulletin of the World Health Organization// 81, no. 7 (January 2003): 539–45. doi:10.1590/S0042-96862003000700013. This article addresses five ways in which health institutions can manage poverty and health within a framework that includes equity and human rights concerns.

Frank, Richard G., and David S. Salkever. “Nonprofit Organization in the Health Sector.” //The Journal of Economic Perspectives// 8, no. 4 (October 1, 1994): 129–44. This article addresses the key to understanding the role of nonprofit organizations as suppliers of health as well as the role of human services under contract to the government. It also discusses the prospects for nonprofit health care providers with regard to the national health care reform.

Greaney, Thomas L., and Kathleen M. Boozang. “Mission, Margin, and Trust in the Nonprofit Health Care Enterprise.” //Yale Journal of Health Policy, Law, and Ethics// 5 (2005): 1. This article addresses the effect of the neglect of the governing law towards charitable corporations. It also discusses the need for mechanisms that ensure fidelity to nonprofit organizations’ charitable mission.

Grindle, Merilee S. “Good Enough Governance: Poverty Reduction and Reform in Developing Countries.” //Governance// 17, no. 4 (October 1, 2004): 525–48. doi:10.1111/j.0952-1895.2004.00256.x. This article explains the attributes of a “good enough” government and how a “good enough” government is a realistic goal for countries that are faced with the goal of reducing poverty.

Guo, Chao. “When Government Becomes the Principal Philanthropist: The Effects of Public Funding on Patterns of Nonprofit Governance.” //Public Administration Review// 67, no. 3 (May 1, 2007): 458–73. doi:10.1111/j.1540-6210.2007.00729.x. This article addresses the effects of government funding on the representational capacities of nonprofit organizations.

Haan, Mary, George A. Kaplan, and Terry Camacho. “Poverty and Health Prospective Evidence from the Alameda County Study1.” //American Journal of Epidemiology// 125, no. 6 (June 1, 1987): 989–98. This article conducts a study to address the association between socioeconomic status and poor health. The results from the study reveal that aspects of the soclophysical environment may be significant contributors to the association between low socioeconomic status and excess mortality (which is independent of individual behaviors).

Halfon, Neal, and Paul W. Newacheck. “Childhood Asthma and Poverty: Differential Impacts and Utilization of Health Services.” //Pediatrics// 91, no. 1 (January 1, 1993): 56–61. This article presents data that displays that poor children have a greater prevalence with regard to asthma, more bed days because of their asthma, fewer doctors visits, more hospitalizations, more likely to receive routine care in a neighborhood health center than in a doctor’s office, and more likely to report an emergency department as a usual source of care; this is also associated with increased morbidity. The results from this study reveal the need for the development of comprehensive models of care and the potential role community clinics could play with increased funding.

Israel, Barbara A., Amy J. Schulz, Edith A. Parker, and Adam B. Becker. “REVIEW OF COMMUNITY-BASED RESEARCH: Assessing Partnership Approaches to Improve Public Health.” //Annual Review of Public Health// 19, no. 1 (1998): 173–202. doi:10.1146/annurev.publhealth.19.1.173. This article addresses the key principles of community-based research and its role within various scientific paradigms, the rationales for its use, and major challenges and facilitating factors regarding conducting effective community-based research geared towards improving public health.

Krieger, N., D. R. Williams, and N. E. Moss. “Measuring Social Class in US Public Health Research: Concepts, Methodologies, and Guidelines.” //Annual Review of Public Health// 18, no. 1 (1997): 341–78. doi:10.1146/annurev.publhealth.18.1.341. This article addresses concepts and methodologies regarding measuring social class and other aspects of socioeconomic position. Suggestions for linking census-based socioeconomic measures and health data as well as research on socioeconomic measures are presented.

Marwell, Nicole P. “Privatizing the Welfare State: Nonprofit Community-Based Organizations as Political Actors.” //American Sociological Review// 69, no. 2 (April 1, 2004): 265–91. doi:10.1177/000312240406900206.This article addresses presents a model in which community-based organizations generate greater contract revenues via the addition of electoral politics to their traditional roles of providing services and building communities. This model has the potential for nonprofit community-based organizations to influence the distribution of service-based social provision, ultimately impacting the people’s ability to access these services.

Meessen, Bruno, Wim Van Damme, Christine Kirunga Tashobya, and Abdelmajid Tibouti. “Poverty and User Fees for Public Health Care in Low-Income Countries: Lessons from Uganda and Cambodia.” //The Lancet// 368, no. 9554 (December 2006): 2253–57. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69899-1. This article addresses the need for the involvement of global dimensions in order to improve the injustice with regard to preventative and curative public health-care services, especially hospital services.

M’GONIGLE, G. C. M., and J. KIRBY. “Poverty and public health.,” 1936, 275 pp. This article addresses a study performed that analyzes the effect of diet in determining health and of income as determining diet.

Montgomery, L E, J L Kiely, and G Pappas. “The Effects of Poverty, Race, and Family Structure on US Children’s Health: Data from the NHIS, 1978 through 1980 and 1989 through 1991.” //American Journal of Public Health// 86, no. 10 (October 1, 1996): 1401–5. doi:10.2105/AJPH.86.10.1401. This article addresses the effects of family structure, race, and poverty on the health of US children and youth (under 20 years old). The results of this study revealed that the influence of family income on child health has serious consequences for both the child and society.

Probst, Janice C., Jessica D. Bellinger, Katrina M. Walsemann, James Hardin, and Saundra H. Glover. “Higher Risk Of Death In Rural Blacks And Whites Than Urbanites Is Related To Lower Incomes, Education, And Health Coverage.” //Health Affairs// 30, no. 10 (October 1, 2011): 1872–79. doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2011.0668. This article addresses the need for policies that are directed towards reducing differences related to education, poverty, and health insurance; these policies will me a major contribution towards eliminating inequalities in health status between urban and rural populations.

Raphael, Dennis. “Barriers to Addressing the Societal Determinants of Health: Public Health Units and Poverty in Ontario, Canada.” //Health Promotion International// 18, no. 4 (December 1, 2003): 397–405. doi:10.1093/heapro/dag411. This article addresses how Canada’s approach focused on diet, activity, and tobacco use are ineffective (especially for those at greatest risk) and divert public and government attention away from the broader social determinants of health. New approaches that involve providing a counterbalance to the dominant paradigm that frames health as an individual responsibility focuses attention on the health-threatening effects of the government’s regressive social and economic policies so that the principles of health promotion are prioritized.

Rosenau, Pauline Vaillancourt, and Stephen H. Linder. “Two Decades of Research Comparing For-Profit and Nonprofit Health Provider Performance in the United States*.” //Social Science Quarterly// 84, no. 2 (June 1, 2003): 219–41. doi:10.1111/1540-6237.8402001. This article addresses performance differences between private for-profit and private nonprofit U.S. health care providers.

Wagstaff, Adam. “Poverty and Health Sector Inequalities.” //Bulletin of the World Health Organization// 80, no. 2 (January 2002): 97–105. doi:10.1590/S0042-96862002000200004. This article addresses the evidence of inequality with regard to healthcare and the consequences of poverty and income inequality that is associated with health care expenses.

Waitzman, N J, and K R Smith. “Phantom of the Area: Poverty-Area Residence and Mortality in the United States.” //American Journal of Public Health// 88, no. 6 (June 1, 1998): 973–76. doi:10.2105/AJPH.88.6.973. This article presents a study that examined poverty-area residence and mortality in the United States. The results from the study revealed that those who reside in poverty areas are associated with socioeconomic gradients in mortality among nonelderly adults in the United States.

Wissow, L S, A M Gittelsohn, M Szklo, B Starfield, and M Mussman. “Poverty, Race, and Hospitalization for Childhood Asthma.” //American Journal of Public Health// 78, no. 7 (July 1, 1988): 777–82. doi:10.2105/AJPH.78.7.777. This article presents a study whose results reveal that African American children are at increased risk of hospitalization for asthma; however, this increase displays some relation to poverty rather than to race.