WilliamsMemo9

Williams Memo 9 Structuring a Project

__**Working Title: Knowledge and technology transfer of surgical technology-practice**__

???? Nepal Eye Grant (xxxxx) dilating eye-drops, ciprofloxacin eye-drops, anesthesia (licodaine), Betadine, silk suture thread, buffered saline solution, rubbing alcohol, ciprofloxacin and dexamethasone eye-drops, pyrimon eye-drops and steroid ointment
 * Legal**:
 * Legislative:**
 * Technological:**
 * Poor road infrastructure
 * Poor hospital infrastructure
 * No infrastructure for the disabled
 * Subsistence public health goods
 * International public health goods
 * high-quality single power poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA)
 * terrain-appropriate technology for IOL surgery
 * innovative suture-less small-incision cataract surgery (SICS)
 * Economic:**
 * In 2000 global productivity loss due to blindness was $19 billion (2000 USD)
 * the minimum cost for IOL surgery on one eye is $20–37.
 * Less economically developed countries
 * Self-sustaining NGOs
 * R&D capacity.
 * Plentiful Human capital
 * foreign investment in research and development
 * World Bank
 * Multi-national enterprise
 * Social:**
 * 90% of the world's blind live in low income countries
 * 82% of the world's blind are older than 50 years of age
 * Women are twice more likely to be visually impaired than men
 * Vitamin A deficiency correlates to cataract
 * former patients acting as community liaison
 * very low ratio of physicians and surgeons per capita
 * psychosocial impairment due to blindness
 * Foundation Eye Care Himalaya (Kathmandu, Nepal)
 * Himalaya Cataract Project (Burlington, Vermont, USA)
 * The Fred Hollows Foundation (Sydney, Australia)
 * 80% of blindness in Nepal is caused by bilateral cataracts compared to 50% of blindness worldwide
 * Political:**
 * The World Health Organization (WHO)
 * International Center for Eye Health (ICEH) (London, England)
 * International Agency for the Prevention of Blindness (IAPD) (Hyderabad, India)
 * Nepal National Council for Science and Technology
 * Nepal Ministry of Science and Technology
 * Ministry of Health and Population Nepal Health Research Council (NHRC)
 * Vision 2020—the right to sight (WHO & IAPD)
 * Vision 2020 Link Program for UK and Africa (ICEH)
 * Disposable Surgical Artifacts:**
 * Cultural:**
 * 17.7 million blind people from bi-lateral cataract in the world
 * Smoking correlates to cataract
 * a new standard of +22.5 diopters for Nepali PMMA IOL
 * Men are typically better educated, being 65% literate compared to women (only 45% of whom can read )
 * WHO South East Asian Region (WHO SEARO) Map Cataract Surgical Rate
 * Natural/Environmental:**
 * Genetic heritability correlates to cataract
 * Extreme terrains (mountains, desert)