WilliamsMemo13

Williams Memo 13 Research Design Grid What are the tenants of sustainability as applied to medical technology-practice? || Interview public health practitioners, nurses, physicians/surgeons and biomedical engineers to determine what they believe appropriate medical technology is. Participant observation of engineering design meetings || It seems to me that appropriate technology by itself was not enough to incite institutional change. Instead when it joined the rhetoric of global climate change, and, neoliberal capitalism and environmentalism, under the umbrella of sustainability, that is when you see this unified mythology affecting change. || # Secondary literature Appropriate Medical Technology What are the tenants of sustainability as applied to social entrepreneurship? || Interview hospital administrators, cleaning staff, supply managers Participant observation of hospital staff meetings || Similarly, I believe that the discourse of social entrepreneurship fits within the umbrella of sustainability. || # Social Entrepreneurship //Address// //Potential Sustainability Discourses// Participant observation of ophthalmology conferences and educational training. || //Address// //Potential Medical Discourses//
 * **Aims** || **Questions** || **Data collection** || **Emerging arguments** || **Literatures** ||
 * Understand how the discourse of sustainability and world development is intertwined with the discourse of appropriate medical technology || What is appropriate medical technology?
 * 1) Sustainability and World Development
 * 2) Appropriate Technology (Winner, Willoughby, Schumacher, Eglash, Nieusma, Fortun)
 * 3) Cycles of Social Movements (Yearley and, or Jamison) ||
 * Understand how the discourse of sustainability and world development is intertwined with the discourse of social entrepreneurship || What is social entrepreneurship?
 * 1) Sustainability and World Development ||
 * Create an international medical technology transfer framework that is useful for NGOs interested in this pathway for sustainable development and social entrepreneurship || How can the tenants of neoliberal capitalism be co-opted to create programs for medical technology transfer that are socio-culturally sensitive to, and tailored for, a specific local community? || Ethnographic Interviews of the people involved in medical technology transfer (businessmen, government staff, NGO staff, hospital staff) || //Address// //Potential Neoliberal Discourses//
 * 1) healthy developing world is a healthy industrialized world (avian flu scare)
 * 2) healthy developing world is an opportunity for the creation of new markets for multinational corporation
 * 1) Reasonably priced environmentally responsible creation/transfer of goods and services that respond to social needs in the developing world!?!?! || Secondary Literature on Medical Technology Transfer in the fields of business, economics, and public health ||
 * Understand the differences between the surgical technology-practice of physicians in the developing world and those of physicians in industrialized definitions || Is there a shift occurring in Western medical technology-practice because of adaptation to the needs of the developing world? || Observation of cataract surgeries at multiple field sites in the developing world (Nepal, Kenya or Tanzania, Ghana or Honduras) and the United States (Albany, Utah, California, Maryland) || //Address// //Potential Medical Discourses//
 * 1) Design and procedure: sanitary enough versus optimally sterile surgical conditions
 * 2) Design of appropriate medical technology: low cost does not mean simpler tech || # Secondary Literature SICS SOP and ECCE SOP
 * 3) Technology-Practice
 * 4) Paradigm Shifts (Kuhn) and ???? (Fleck), or, Trading Zones (Galison)
 * 5) design of public and private spaces, material artifacts and large socio-technical systems (Bijker, Hughes, and Pinch, ed. 1987) ||
 * Understand how 'place' affects the self-organization of professionals || How does the hierarchical organization of leadership differ between staff in Western hospitals, and, staff in hospitals or eye-camps in the developing world? || Ethnographic Interviews of the professionals involved (NGO staff, hospital staff)
 * 1) Techniques and procedure (or process): utility of MD versus certificate programs (and, or, other less expensive or time intensive educational training) to the improvement of health care in developing nations
 * 2) Design of surgical wards: Western hospital ear, eyes nose & throat, or specialty eye clinic; Western-style hospital at various international sites; eye camps in the developing world || # Secondary Literature Appropriate Medical Education
 * 3) Sustainability and World Development
 * 4) design of public and private spaces, material artifacts and large socio-technical systems (Bijker, Hughes, and Pinch, ed. 1987) ||
 * Understand how NGOs with a humanitarian and entrepreneurship focus are self-organized and how this interaction affects and is affected by technology transfer || How does the development of networks change from industrialized nations to the developing world? What tools and processes are used for networking? || Ethnographic Interviews of the people involved in medical technology transfer (businessmen, government staff, NGO staff, hospital staff) || # Networked through increasing use of ICTs
 * 1) Organized around the idea of medical technology transfer || # Complexity/Network Theory
 * 2) Transnationalism
 * collective identity (Melucci 1996)
 * transnational activism (Tarrow 1998&2005)
 * transnational activist networks (Keck and Skikink 1999)
 * 1) design of public and private spaces, material artifacts and large socio-technical systems (Bijker, Hughes, and Pinch, ed. 1987) ||