Memo+28+chapter+summaries+(Dan+F)

FOCUS: the proper (correct and how correctness is determined) and fair (moral) interaction between developed and significantly less developed countries in terms of sustainability, economics, and politics in the transfer of ideas (technology, governance, healthcare) and natural resources (any stock that has potential of depletion)

the pitfalls of defining poverty in assessing the impact of globalization/ the problem with current definitions in general - of course it appears that globalized countries do better because they are operating on the new metric that the rest of the world uses. - gdp, ppp, and income per capita are not adequate measures of poverty. define poverty - shows short term positive change but doesn't confirm long term stability. - makes all groups interdependent, but poor countries more so. - adopting western economy and market solutions has been hailed as a solution, but results do not necessarily indicate this is true. even microfinance often requires extreme subsidy. - once started with earlier forms of western market integration, namely colonialism and imperialism, globalization would be dangerous to stop. those who have become dependent would be cut off and much worse off then the unfair system has already allowed them to begun. there is no going back at this point. for better or worse globalization has become the dominate model for interaction. had another system propagated it is possible the world would be just as or more successful as it is now, but because the majority of the world is locked in we will likely never know, barring some global catastrophe tantamount to a reset. - outline chapters

Introduction to stove movement (all below topics will include some discussion of how stoves have been disseminated through the topic) - Global Alliance for clean cookstoves - specific reasons for spreading stoves - different types of stoves - why this is a good case study

For-profit solutions to development -fit modern global economic reasoning and models except for the fact that the inequality gap is still increasing - selling to fit current markets on various scales- entrepreneurship - for profit is not the solution because there is not enough encompassing regulation to protect all countries and individuals equally enough for the system to be efficient. with proper regulation it could be more beneficial, but only if externalities are completely internalized. - untapped resources are really cheap and exported in exchange for goods. a depleted resource base means future is in jeopardy. some resources completely unique - cheap labor supply with less regulations

Social solutions to Development - what happens when a group of extremely poor countries fall so far behind that it seems little can be done. should the other countries carry them. It is doubtful they will improve on there own, but helping them is tricky because charity does nothing for long term sustainability. - NGO/INGO/ religious groups and charity often make the situation worse or don't really make a difference at all (with exceptions of course) - the ultimate feel-good feeling

Individualistic Solutions to Development (Economic) - fair trade is not really fair because it interferes with the competition of the poor. some of the poor get a leg up if they can get the certification, but those who can't get the certification for one reason or another are left at a disadvantage in some ways. the poor uncertified people may not get the benefits associated with fair trade, but it does make them the cheap alternative to fair-trade groups. social significance of fair-trade is an extension of voting with pocketbooks, a more encompassing regulation at the country level would ensure much fairer treatment. more developed country citizens will only be able to participate as long as they don't have financial issues of there own. global outsourcing is one exempt of people loosing income in developed countries that would focus there attention back inward. - Microfinance doesn't entirely address the issues either because it is to narrow and requires that every poor person learn how to be an entrepreneur, it's not sustainable as long as it still requires subsidies, loan creep still occurs, information is asymmetric, and people borrow from multiple firms at once. - individualistic voting system brought about by the failures of more encompassing policy to get the job done.

Academic solutions to development - students take part in aid projects that generally benefit them more then those who should be helped. - acts as just another thing for your resume - students cannot help but inadvertently passing along their ideas about the world and how it should function which damages the target groups culture - students do the work and then those left behind don't know how to continue or see no gain in doing so - cannot be very long term analysis because students leave academia fro mainstream jobs without following up always - projects that do bring students back every year are extremely inefficient because the new group spends half the time learning what the past group did and why they did it - turns the developing world into a testing ground for new technologies - provides perspective, but at what cost

Encompassing problems ( may be combined with definitions and preconceptions section) - scale - geography - silver bullet approach - life boat ethics- limits to growth - resource dependency - the problem of infrastructure - belief that everyone is doing good

Intermediate and appropriate solutions to development - takes into account scale, cost, education, local, low skill, individualistic solution just like fair-trade and microfinance - small is beautiful - target groups are less likely to choose these options on occasion because they the rest of the world does not use the intermediate technologies they are being told to.

redefining transfer for more successful development - probably shouldn't be interfering in anyway at all, but to stop would do more damage at this point so the course just needs to be altered - outside support remediation- help countries rebuild their resource bases and then stop depleting it so significantly -increase resilience by varying solutions- use appropriate/context specific technology - small is beautiful recommends an ABC approach- should be only education to prevent damaging interdependence - some level of interdependence will have to continue given the nature of the system, but too much will fail to solve any of the current problems - encompassing regulation can protect all global citizens more equally to prevent overly damaging situations that are already well underway all over the world. - is the individualist approach the best way to solve the worlds problems - religion has no place in development and the other major organizations are also questionable and need more stringent regulation - some form of universal use requirements - limit on growth - current economic probably has to be used because universal change is unlikely and we have no other method with completely foreseeable results

- locals should be the ones who determine that development is needed but this may be less true now that the current model has been spread so far without addressing it's biggest problems